security: Node.js 20.20.2, 22.22.2, 24.14.1, and 25.8.2

[nschonni]

Description

Manual PR without the Alpine builds for the security release.

Motivation and Context

Testing Details

Example Output(if appropriate)

Types of changes

• Documentation
• Version change (Update, remove or add more Node.js versions)
• Variant change (Update, remove or add more variants, or versions of variants)
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• Other (none of the above)

Checklist

• My code follows the code style of this project.
• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have read the CONTRIBUTING.md document.
• All new and existing tests passed.

[MikeMcC399]

At this time, around 8 hours after the original security release, musl builds are only available for v24.14.1

Edit: https://unofficial-builds.nodejs.org/logs/ show what's happening

Is there any reason not to merge this PR already so that at least the mainstream Debian Docker images can be built? Alpine can be followed up later.

[github-actions]

Created PR on the official-images repo (docker-library/official-images#21103). See https://github.com/docker-library/faq#an-images-source-changed-in-git-now-what if you are wondering when it will be available on the Docker Hub.