Introduce error propagation via OpChainConverter to streamline stage failure handling

[gortiz]

In #17974, we introduced an SPI to convert opchains, but we missed the ability to use that SPI when an error is detected on pipeline breakers. This PR fixes that issue

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 62.50000% with 12 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 63.32%. Comparing base (ecaf0f8) to head (7f95c28).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...che/pinot/query/runtime/plan/OpChainConverter.java	43.75%	7 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
...va/org/apache/pinot/query/runtime/QueryRunner.java	80.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #18026      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     63.30%   63.32%   +0.02%     
  Complexity     1543     1543              
============================================
  Files          3200     3200              
  Lines        194169   194167       -2     
  Branches      29915    29915              
============================================
+ Hits         122914   122955      +41     
+ Misses        61610    61567      -43     
  Partials       9645     9645              

Flag	Coverage Δ
custom-integration1	100.00% <ø> (ø)
integration	100.00% <ø> (ø)
integration1	100.00% <ø> (ø)
integration2	0.00% <ø> (ø)
java-11	63.29% <62.50%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
java-21	63.26% <62.50%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
temurin	63.32% <62.50%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
unittests	63.32% <62.50%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
unittests1	55.56% <62.50%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
unittests2	34.21% <0.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.

[xiangfu0]

Auto-approved: LOW risk change (4 files, +107 net lines), bug fix for SPI error propagation, all 16 CI checks passed, comprehensive test coverage added.